Cataract Surgery
Cataract surgery is a medical procedure used to treat cataracts, where the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, leading to impaired vision. The surgery involves removing and replacing the cloudy lens with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) to restore clear vision. Cataracts commonly develop with age but can also occur due to injury, certain medical conditions, or prolonged exposure to UV radiation.
Cataract procedure is one of the most frequently performed and successful surgeries worldwide. Technological advancements have made it a relatively quick, minimally invasive procedure, often completed in under 30 minutes. Most patients experience a significant improvement in their vision within a few days of surgery, allowing them to quickly return to their daily activities.
Signs & Symptoms of Cataract
The symptoms of cataracts may not be immediately apparent since they develop gradually. As the disease worsens, the lens of the eye may become clouded, impairing vision and making daily tasks more challenging.
Cataract symptoms include:
- Blurry or cloudy vision
- Difficulty seeing at night, especially while driving
- Glare and bright lights sensitivity
- Faded and washed out colours
- Frequent prescription changes
- Double vision in one eye
- Difficulty reading or seeing details in dim light
Causes of Cataract
Cataracts develop when proteins in the eye’s lens deteriorate and clump, causing the lens to become cloudy. While the leading cause is aging, several other risk factors contribute to the development of cataracts earlier in life or accelerate their progression.
Cataract causes include:
- Genetics and ageing
- Elevated blood glucose levels
- Past injury, trauma or surgery
- Chronic exposure to UV light
- Smoking
- Long-term steroid use
- Excessive alcohol intake
What Are the Risk Factors for Cataracts?
Cataracts can develop due to four main factors: genetic, environmental, medical & ageing.
- Genetic risk factors
A family history of cataracts can increase the risk of developing cataracts. Genetic mutations can sometimes result in congenital cataracts, which are present at birth.
In age-related cases, genetic mutations can make your lens more sensitive and vulnerable to damage from environmental causes like sunlight or pollution. Researchers are still studying how genes & environment work together in cataract formation.
Although you cannot change your genetic risk, discussing your family history with your eye specialist can help in early detection & better care.
- Environmental risk factors
Environmental risk factors are those toxic elements in your surroundings that you ingest or breathe, harming your eyes over time. They are harmful as they elevate the amount of free radicals in the body. These are unstable molecules that can damage healthy cells, leading to cataract formation.
Environmental risk factors include:
- Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight
- Having undergone radiation therapy to the upper part of your body
- Toxins in the air
- Alcohol
- Tobacco smoke.
- Industrial chemicals.
- Pesticides
- Medical risk factors
They include:
- Undergone eye surgeries like glaucoma
- Having high blood sugar or diabetes.
- Using corticosteroids to treat medical conditions such as asthma, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
- With certain eye diseases, such as uveitis and retinitis pigmentosa.
- Age-related risk factor
As one gets older, natural changes occur in the eye’s lens. The protein inside the eye breaks down & clumps together, causing it to become cloudy.
This is the most common reason why cataracts develop. Other age-related risk factors are as follows:-
- Metabolic changes
- Slow repair of eye tissues caused by age-related damage
- Oxidative stress
- Reduced antioxidant levels
Diagnosis and Tests
How are cataracts diagnosed?
Eye specialists can diagnose cataracts with a complete eye check-up.
During the exam, the optometrist will check your eyes for cloudiness in the lens and assess how advanced the cataract is.
The ophthalmologist is the one who confirms the diagnosis and decides the treatment plan, including surgery if required.
They’ll also assess your vision problems, medical history, & whether you’re facing difficulty in daily activities because of poor eyesight.
Tests to detect cataracts may include:
- Slit lamp exam: A special microscope is used to examine the front parts of your eye in detail.
- Visual acuity test: You’ll read letters on a chart to measure how clearly you can see at different distances.
Dilated retinal exam: Your eye doctor will use eye drops to widen your pupils & examine the retina and lens more closely for signs of cataracts or other eye problems.
Who Needs Cataract Surgery?
- Vision Impairment: If your cataracts are causing blurry or cloudy vision, making it difficult to read, drive, or perform other tasks, you may need surgery to restore clear vision.
- Difficulty Seeing in Low Light: Cataracts can make it harder to see in dim lighting conditions, indicating that surgery might be necessary.
- Sensitivity to Glare: Increased sensitivity to light or seeing halos around lights, especially at night, can signify cataract progression.
- Frequent Prescription Changes: If your eyeglass prescription changes frequently, this may indicate that your cataracts are worsening, and surgery could be the best solution.
- Impact on Daily Life: Cataract removal operations should be considered if cataracts significantly impact your quality of life, including limiting your ability to work or enjoy hobbies.
Types of Cataract Surgery
Phacoemulsification
Phacoemulsification, or “phaco,” is the most common type of cataract operation.
During this procedure, a small incision is made in the eye, and an ultrasonic device is used to break up the cloudy lens into tiny fragments, which are then suctioned out.
An artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is then implanted.
Phacoemulsification is minimally invasive and requires a short recovery period.
Extracapsular Cataract Surgery
In cases where the cataract is too dense for phacoemulsification, an extracapsular cataract procedure may be performed. There’s a larger incision made to remove the cloudy lens in one piece. Once the lens is removed, an IOL is implanted. Although recovery time is slightly longer than phacoemulsification, it is still an effective cataract treatment.
MICS Cataract Surgery
MICS stands for Micro-Incision Cataract Surgery. It is an advanced technique that removes a cloudy natural lens through a small incision (typically less than 2 mm) & replaces it with an artificial, foldable intraocular lens (IOL). This minimally invasive approach leads to a faster healing time & less discomfort. It also lowers the risk of complications like astigmatism. Additionally, recovery of vision is much quicker compared to traditional methods.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
This technique uses laser technology for cataract removal. The femtosecond laser makes precise, bladeless incisions in the eye, which helps reduce the risk of complications. The laser is also used to break up the cataract for easier removal. This method is often combined with phacoemulsification for better outcomes.
When to Go for Cataract Treatment?
Cataract surgery is generally recommended when cataracts significantly impair your vision and daily life. Early-stage cataracts may not require immediate surgery and can often be managed with stronger eyeglasses or better lighting. However, surgery becomes the most effective treatment option once the cataract progresses and starts affecting your ability to perform everyday activities—such as reading, driving, or recognising faces.
It’s essential to consult with an eye doctor to assess the severity of your cataracts and determine whether surgery is the right choice. While there’s no rush to treat cataracts in the early stages, delaying surgery for too long can lead to more complications.
Eligibility for Cataract Eye Surgery
- Severity of Vision Impairment: Surgery is recommended if cataracts significantly interfere with daily tasks like reading or driving.
- General Eye Health: Candidates should have healthy eyes overall, as issues like glaucoma may need treatment first.
- General Health Conditions: Conditions like uncontrolled diabetes can complicate surgery and may need management before proceeding.
- Age and Cataract Progression: While common in older adults, younger people with severe cataracts may also be eligible.
- Impact on Quality of Life: If cataracts limit hobbies or work, surgery may help restore clarity and independence.
- Potential for Improved Vision: Doctors assess if surgery will meaningfully improve vision, especially if other eye conditions exist.
Step-by-Step Cataract Surgery Procedure
- Before the Surgery: Before cataract surgery, your eye doctor will thoroughly examine your eyes to determine the appropriate type and power of the intraocular lens (IOL). You may also be advised to stop wearing contact lenses and use prescribed eye drops before surgery to reduce the risk of infection. On the day of the surgery, you will be asked to refrain from eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure. You’ll also be informed about the cataract surgery cost.
- During the Surgery: Cataract eye surgery is performed under local anesthesia, and you will be awake but feel no pain during the procedure. A small incision is made in the cornea, and the cloudy lens is carefully removed using a method such as phacoemulsification or extracapsular extraction. The surgeon will then insert the IOL to replace the removed lens. The incision is so small that stitches are usually not required, and it heals naturally.
- After the Surgery: Following the surgery, you will be given protective eyewear and advised to avoid rubbing your eye. You may experience mild discomfort, itching, or blurred vision in the first few days after the surgery. Eye drops will be prescribed to prevent infection and aid healing. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days, but it is essential to avoid heavy lifting, bending, or swimming until your eye has fully healed.
Recovery & Precautions After Cataract Surgery
Recovery after cataract eye surgery is typically fast, but taking proper care and the right precautions can help promote a smooth healing. Follow your surgeon’s directions for a full recovery.
- Important recovery tips and precautions include:
- Use Prescribed Eye Drops: These drops help prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and speed up the healing process.
- Avoid Rubbing Your Eye: Rubbing the eye can lead to complications or even infections. Always protect your eye from dust or foreign objects.
- Wear Protective Eyewear: Sunglasses help shield your eyes from harmful UV rays and bright lights, which can cause discomfort in the days following surgery.
- Attend Follow-Up Appointments: Regular check-ups with your eye doctor will ensure that your eye is healing properly and help detect any early signs of complications.
- Avoid Strenuous Activities: Heavy lifting, bending, and activities like swimming should be avoided until your eye has completely healed.
- Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments
Recovery from cataract eye surgery is generally quick, with most patients noticing improved vision within a few days. However, taking the right precautions is essential to ensure proper healing and avoid complications.
Following your surgeon’s instructions and attending follow-up appointments will help ensure a smooth recovery process.
Benefits of Cataract Surgery
After cataract removal, an Intraocular Lens (IOL) is implanted to restore clear vision. An IOL eye lens replaces the clouded natural lens with an artificial one, improving sight at various distances. The choice of IOL for cataract surgery plays a crucial role in determining vision clarity for near, intermediate, and far distances.
Types of IOL & Their Benefits
- Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Function & Suitability: Provides clear vision at a single distance (far, intermediate, or near) and is ideal for those comfortable using glasses for other tasks.
Vision Benefits: Excellent far vision but requires glasses for near and intermediate vision.
- Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Function & Suitability: Offers multiple focal points for near, intermediate, and far vision, making it perfect for those who want to reduce dependence on glasses.
Vision Benefits: Clear vision at all distances, though some may experience mild halos at night.
- Extended Depth of Focus Lens (EDOF) IOLs
Function & Suitability: Provides a continuous range of vision for those needing sharp far and intermediate vision with minimal glare.
Vision Benefits: Excellent far and intermediate vision; near vision may require reading glasses.
- Toric Lens (For Astigmatism Correction)
Function & Suitability: Specifically designed for astigmatism correction, these lenses provide sharper vision at a chosen distance, making them ideal for patients with astigmatism.
Vision Benefits: Clear far vision; intermediate and near vision may require glasses.
Choosing the Right Cataract IOL Lens
The best types of IOL for you depend on your lifestyle, visual needs, and overall eye health. At Centre For Sight, we provide expert consultation to help you choose the most suitable cataract IOL lens—whether it’s a monofocal lens, multifocal lens, toric lens, or other advanced options—for maximum clarity and comfort.
If you’re considering toric contact lenses or any other artificial lenses for cataracts, consult our specialists.
Risks and Complications of Cataract Surgery
- Infection: Though rare, there is a slight risk of infection, which can be minimized by using prescribed eye drops and following post-surgery care instructions.
- Swelling or Inflammation: Some patients may experience temporary swelling or inflammation in the eye, which usually resolves with medication.
- Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO): This is a common condition where the membrane behind the IOL becomes cloudy. It can be treated easily with a quick, painless laser procedure.
- Detached Retina: Although rare, there is a slight risk of retinal detachment following cataract surgery.
- Vision Changes: Some patients may experience temporary blurriness or changes in their vision as their eyes adjust to the new lens
Prevention of Cataract
While cataracts are commonly age-related, simple lifestyle changes can slow their onset. Paying attention to eye care and overall well-being can lower your risk in the development of cataracts later in life.
Some precautionary measures include:
- Wearing 100% UVA and UVB ray-blocking sunglasses
- Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables that contain antioxidants, including lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamins C and E, to nourish your eyes
- Monitoring your blood sugar if you have diabetes
- Taking short and frequent breaks from screens (phones, laptops and tablets) can help reduce eye strain, but it does not prevent cataracts.
- Cutting down on alcohol
Managing diabetes
Scheduling regular eye exams
Cost of Cataract Operation in India
The cost of cataract surgery varies based on the type of lens used, the surgeon’s expertise, and the clinic’s location. This includes the cost of the intraocular lens, pre-operative evaluations, and post-operative care. In some cases, insurance may cover the surgery, especially if it is deemed medically necessary to improve vision. Centre For Sight, also offers flexible EMI options to make the procedure more affordable.
Why Choose Centre For Sight for Cataract Eye Surgery in India?
Centre for Sight, India, is renowned for its team of highly experienced cataract surgeons, ensuring optimal patient outcomes. Equipped with advanced technology, including femtosecond laser-assisted surgery, it offers precise, cutting-edge treatments. From the initial consultation to post-surgery care, Centre for Sight, India, provides comprehensive support to ensure a smooth recovery. With a strong reputation for excellence in eye care, it remains a trusted name for top-quality cataract treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Exactly Is Done in Cataract Surgery?
During cataract surgery, the cloudy natural lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens, restoring clear vision and improving visual quality.
Is Cataract Surgery a Major Surgery?
Yes, cataract surgery is considered a surgical procedure but it is one of the safest procedures and the whole intervention, from the removal of the cloudy lens to the insertion of an artificial one takes only 20-30 mins in routine cases.
How painful is cataract surgery?
Cataract surgery is typically not painful due to anesthesia and numbing eye drops, though some mild discomfort or scratchiness may occur during the recovery period.
Who gets affected by cataracts?
Generally Cataracts affect older individuals, however they can develop at any age due to other risk factors, like family history, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes), prolonged exposure to sunlight, smoking, and the use of certain medications. Regular eye check-ups help detect and diagnose cataracts early. Pediatric cataracts also occur in infants.
Is cataract surgery the only surgical option for treating cataracts?
Yes, Cataract surgery is the only and effective surgical option for treating cataracts. You may choose any one cataract surgery type among the available types as per your requirement.
Which lens is best for cataract?
The choice of the best lens depends on individual needs and preferences as per their lifestyle. There are multiple lens types, designed to cater different purposes. Discuss your lifestyle and visual goals with your ophthalmologist to determine the most suitable option for you.
How much time can cataract surgery be completed?
Cataract surgery generally takes only about 20-30 minutes per eye. Though it’s a quick procedure, it takes the whole day as pre-operative preparations and post-operative monitoring are done. Patients must plan accordingly.
What are the 3 types of cataract surgery?
Three major types of cataract surgery are Phacoemulsification (Phaco), which is the most common and modern technique, MICS (Micro Incision Cataract Surgery), and Femto Laser Cataract Surgery which is the latest technology.
What Exactly Is Done in Cataract Surgery?
During cataract surgery, the cloudy natural lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens, restoring clear vision and improving visual quality.
Is Cataract Surgery a Major Surgery?
Yes, cataract surgery is considered a surgical procedure but it is one of the safest procedures and the whole intervention, from the removal of the cloudy lens to the insertion of an artificial one takes only 20-30 mins in routine cases.
How painful is cataract surgery?
Cataract surgery is typically not painful due to anesthesia and numbing eye drops, though some mild discomfort or scratchiness may occur during the recovery period.
Who gets affected by cataracts?
Generally Cataracts affect older individuals, however they can develop at any age due to other risk factors, like family history, certain medical conditions (such as diabetes), prolonged exposure to sunlight, smoking, and the use of certain medications. Regular eye check-ups help detect and diagnose cataracts early. Pediatric cataracts also occur in infants.
Is cataract surgery the only surgical option for treating cataracts?
Yes, Cataract surgery is the only and effective surgical option for treating cataracts. You may choose any one cataract surgery type among the available types as per your requirement.
Which lens is best for cataract?
The choice of the best lens depends on individual needs and preferences as per their lifestyle. There are multiple lens types, designed to cater different purposes. Discuss your lifestyle and visual goals with your ophthalmologist to determine the most suitable option for you.
How much time can cataract surgery be completed?
Cataract surgery generally takes only about 20-30 minutes per eye. Though it’s a quick procedure, it takes the whole day as pre-operative preparations and post-operative monitoring are done. Patients must plan accordingly.
What are the 3 types of cataract surgery?
Three major types of cataract surgery are Phacoemulsification (Phaco), which is the most common and modern technique, MICS (Micro Incision Cataract Surgery), and Femto Laser Cataract Surgery which is the latest technology.
What are the precautions after a cataract operation?
After cataract surgery, follow your doctor’s instructions closely, which include using prescribed eye drops to prevent infection, wearing protective sunglasses outdoors to shield your eyes from bright light, and attending follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing. Avoid rubbing your eyes, and keep them protected during recovery.
How Long Does It Take to Recover from Cataract Eye Surgery?
Recovery from cataract surgery is relatively quick, with most patients experiencing improved vision within a few days, although full recovery may take a couple of weeks.
Can cataract surgery be performed on both eyes simultaneously?
Yes, cataract surgery can be performed on both eyes simultaneously, but it is suggested to get it done on different days to minimize the risk of complications and ensure a smoother recovery for each eye.
Is cataract surgery safe?
Yes, cataract surgery is considered as one of the safest eye surgeries. It has a high success rate in restoring vision and improving quality of life. Your ophthalmologist will assess your health, discuss potential risks prior to the surgery.
What if cataract surgery is unsuccessful?
Though it is very rare, if cataract surgery goes unsuccessful, the ophthalmologist will carefully assess the reasons for the outcome and arrive with the best possible solution.
How is a cataract removed?
Cataracts are typically removed through a surgery. In it, the cloudy lens is breaked and suctioned out through a small incision and then replaced by an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) to restore clear vision. This modern technique promotes faster recovery and minimal discomfort.
Who is the best doctor for cataract surgery in New Delhi?
The Centre For Sight – group of eye hospitals boasts a renowned team of ophthalmologists specialized in cataract surgery, offering top-notch expertise and advanced treatments for cataract. Not only in India, we are present in over 30+ cities from 15 states of India.
Why do I see flickering after cataract surgery?
Seeing flickering or light flashes after cataract surgery can be due to the adaptation of your eyes to the new intraocular lens (IOL). Generally, this phenomenon is temporary and tends to improve as your eyes adapt. In case you keep experiencing, consult your ophthalmologist.
Is cataract surgery painful?
Cataract surgery is generally not painful. Patients are given numbing eye drops before the procedure, and while they remain awake, there is minimal to no discomfort. Some mild irritation or sensitivity may occur after the surgery, but this usually subsides within a few days.
What are some restrictions following cataract surgery?
After cataract surgery, you should avoid strenuous activities like heavy lifting, bending, and swimming for at least a week to prevent strain on the eyes. It’s also important to avoid rubbing your eyes and exposing them to dust or water to reduce the risk of infection.
What is the age limit for cataract eye surgery?
There is generally no specific age limit for cataract surgery. The procedure is most commonly performed on individuals aged 40 and older, but it can be done at any age if cataracts significantly impair vision. Congenital cataract cases are operated at few months of age. If a person is in good overall health and has no contraindications, this surgery can be performed even in elderly patients. It’s essential to consult an eye specialist to assess individual suitability for the surgery.
Is cataract surgery painful?
Cataract surgery is generally not painful. Patients are given numbing eye drops before the procedure, and while they remain awake, there is minimal to no discomfort. Some mild irritation or sensitivity may occur after the surgery, but this usually subsides within a few days.
What are some restrictions following cataract surgery?
After cataract surgery, you should avoid strenuous activities like heavy lifting, bending, and swimming for at least a week to prevent strain on the eyes. It’s also important to avoid rubbing your eyes and exposing them to dust or water to reduce the risk of infection.
What are the precautions after a cataract operation?
After surgery, follow your doctor’s instructions closely, which include using prescribed eye drops to prevent infection, wearing protective sunglasses outdoors to shield your eyes from bright light, and attending follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing. Avoid rubbing your eyes, and keep them protected during recovery.
What is the age limit for cataract eye surgery?
There is generally no specific age limit for cataract surgery. The procedure is most commonly performed on individuals aged 40 and older, but it can be done at any age if cataracts significantly impair vision. Congenital cataract cases are operated at few months of age. If a person is in good overall health and has no contraindications, this surgery can be performed even in elderly patients. It’s essential to consult an eye specialist to assess individual suitability for the surgery.
